A CAPTCHA, short for "Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart" is a program that protects websites against bots by generating and grading tests that humans can pass but current computer programs cannot. Normally they use distorted text, which humans can readbut current computer programs and OCR software can't.
reCAPTCHA is a free service which can be integrated into a website via plugins for multiple programing languages (PHP, ASP.NET, Java, Perl, ...) and content management systems (WordPress, MediaWiki, ...)
Additionally to helping you handling your spam-problem, reCAPTCHA helps digitizing books by showing words that could not be deciphered by OCR software and letting them read and fill in by humans.