As was already stated in the problem description, I would again check the positioning of the router. Are there any objects, big or small, in the way of the signal going to the second upper floor? Such objects could interfere with the signal strength. Think of the Wi-Fi signal as beams of light originating from your router that get reflected on each surface until they finally reach your PC or laptop and try to optimize it that way.
Furthermore, you can check your router’s settings for it’s channel settings. To prevent interference from your neighbours Wi-Fi sources the channel settings should be set to “Auto”. You can also try to set it manually, but I would recommend scanning all for Wi-Fis beforehand, with an app like Wifi-Analyzer.
There are also hardware options if you are willing to further invest into better Wi-Fi coverage. Simple Wi-Fi extenders like this one can be placed around your flat to amplify your signal by placing them at key points, e.g. near the stairs where signal might still be acceptable. Also, there are Power-line adapters that modulate your internet communication onto your power lines within your home. These can be hit and miss and depend on your home’s power lines.
Unfortunately it is impossible to connect the mobile phone directly to the internet, using only a wire connection to the laptop. The possible solution, that could be useful, is to make your laptop itself as a WiFi access point. Here is some short example how to do that on Windows. First of all you need to check if the WiFi network adapter in the laptop supports the so-called Hosted Network mode. To do that you need to run a command-line command "netsh wlan show drivers". If in the field "Hosted network supported" you see yes, then it is possible. Next, to actually create an access point you need to run the following commands in the command prompt in administrator mode:
-netsh wlan set hostednetwork mode=allow ssid=WiFiName key=12345
where you may choose which name your WiFi access point will have (ssid) and your secret password to access it (key).
-netsh wlan start hostednetwork
and this command eventually starts your access point.
Now you need to open network adapter settings on your laptop, choose your LAN internet connection and in the properties,in the Sharing Tab you need to "allow other network users to connect through this computer's internet connection" and select your created access point
You mention it is Sunday, so this must be a home network. 10 devices would place some significant load on it. Apart from trying to disconnect some of them, you can also try to change the WiFi's channel to improve performance. There are apps like WiFi analyzer (Android) for that.